GNOME Quick Start

openSUSE 11.2

Abstract

openSUSE® provides the tools that Linux* users require in their daily activities. It comes with an easy-to-use graphical environment, the GNOME* desktop, that communicates with the underlying Linux system, to let you access and manage files, folders, and programs. openSUSE provides an integrated suite of applications for a wide range of office, multimedia, and Internet activities. The OpenOffice.org suite, which allows you to edit and save files in a number of formats, is also included. The office suite is available for several operating systems. Therefore, you can use the same data across different computing platforms.

Getting Started

When you start your system, you are usually prompted to enter your username and password. If someone else installed your system, check with your system administrator for your username and password.

After logging in to GNOME for the first time, you see the GNOME desktop, offering the following basic elements:

Desktop Icons

Access programs and features on your system by double-clicking an icon. Right-click an icon to get additional menus and options. By default, the desktop features several key icons, including your personal Home folder and a trash can for deleted items. Other icons representing devices on your computer, such as CD drives or USB flash disks, may also be present on the desktop, and you can add as many icons on your desktop as you like. If you double-click your Home folder, the Nautilus file manager starts and displays the contents of your home directory.

Bottom Panel

The desktop includes a panel at the bottom of the screen. This panel contains the Computer menu, the system tray, and a taskbar to display icons for all currently running applications. You can also add applications and applets to the panel for easy access.

Main Menu

Click Computer on the left side of the bottom panel to open the main menu. Commonly used applications appear in the main menu along with recently used applications. Click the Documents button to display your recent documents, or click the Places button to display your favorite places (such as your home directory, your desktop, or available network servers). Click More Applications to access additional applications, listed in categories. Use the options on the right to access help, install additional software, open the GNOME Control Center, lock your screen, log out of the desktop, or check the status of your hard drive and network connections.

System Tray

The right side of the bottom panel shows some smaller icons, including the system clock that displays the current date and time, the volume control, and icons for several other helper applications.

Taskbar

By default, all applications running on the current desktop are displayed in the taskbar (the area in the middle of the panel between the Computer button and the system tray). You can access these applications by clicking its name in the taskbar. Right-click its name to see options for moving, restoring, or minimizing the window.

Desktop Menu

Right-click an empty spot on the desktop to display a menu with various options. Click Create Folder to create a new folder. Use Create Launcher to create a launcher icon for an application. Provide the name of the application and the command for starting it, then select an icon to represent it. You can also change the desktop background, open a terminal, create a document, and align desktop icons.

Modifying Desktop Panels

The bottom panel can be customized to meet your individual needs, and additional panels can be added and configured to further personalize your desktop.

To add a new panel, right-click a blank space in the bottom panel and select New Panel. To delete a panel, right-click a blank space in the panel and select Delete This Panel. openSUSE requires that at least one panel is left on the desktop.

Adding and Removing Panel Icons

Right-click a blank space on the panel and select Add to Panel.

Browse to the desired program and double-click it to add it to the panel.

To remove a program icon from a panel, right-click its icon in the panel and select Remove From Panel.

Starting Programs

To run a program in openSUSE, click Computer on the panel to open the main menu screen. If the program you want does not appear in the main menu screen, click More Applications to view a list of all available applications grouped in categories. You can also limit the list to show only applications with a specific name by entering all or part of the name into the Filter field. Click an entry in the list to start the corresponding program.

You can also add an icon to your panel that opens a more traditional version of the main menu. Right-click a blank space on the panel, select Add to Panel, then double-click Traditional Main Menu.

If you already know the name of an application but are not sure how to start it from the main menu, use the Search field in the main menu. Click Computer, type a portion of the application name in the Search field, then press Enter. If the application is installed on your system, the name of the application appears in the Desktop Search dialog box. Click the name to start the program.

Customizing Your Desktop

You can easily add, delete, and create shortcut icons on your desktop. You can also change icon properties and the desktop background to suit your needs.

Adding Program Icons to Your Desktop

Click Computer.

Browse to the desired program.

Click and drag the icon to the desktop and position it as desired.

To delete an icon from your desktop, simply click the program icon and press the Delete key on your keyboard.

Changing the Desktop Background

Right-click the background.

Select Change Desktop Background.

To select a wallpaper from the pre-installed images, browse to and select the desired image. After you select it, the background changes automatically.

To add an image, select Add, browse to the desired image, then click Open.

To display a colored background, select No Wallpaper from the top of the list; then, from Colors, select the fill pattern and the desired colors.

Click Close.

Using the GNOME Control Center

In addition to letting you change individual desktop elements, GNOME lets you extensively personalize your desktop. You can find more settings to adjust the overall appearance and behavior of your desktop in the GNOME Control Center. There, you can also change fonts, keyboard and mouse configurations, regional and language settings, parameters for your Internet and network usage, and more.

To start the Control Center, click Computer, then click Control Center on the right of the main menu.

Configuring Desktop Effects

Compiz is a window manager for the X Window System that uses 3D graphics hardware to create fast compositing desktop effects for window management. It lets you turn your desktop into a rotating 3D cube, tile windows so they do not overlap, and switch tasks while viewing live thumbnails. You can enable translucent or transparent windows, zoom in and out of the desktop screen, and use other window effects such as shadows, fading, and transformations. You can also configure windows to snap to other windows and screen edges when they are moved.

To use compositing desktop effects, you need a graphics adapter capable of providing 3D support with an appropriate driver supporting 3D acceleration installed. 3D acceleration must also be enabled. Use SaX2 to change your graphics card and monitor properties if necessary. If the 3D acceleration works properly, compositing effects are enabled by default.

To enable compositing desktop effects manually or to configure the particular effects you want to see, click Computer+More Applications+Utilities+CompizConfig Settings . There, you can configure your desktop effects.

Managing Files and Folders

Use the Nautilus File Manager to create and view folders and documents, run scripts, and create CDs of your data. To open Nautilus, double-click your home directory icon on the desktop. You see the contents of your home directory.

The elements of the Nautilus window include the following:

Menu

Lets you perform most tasks.

Toolbar

Lets you quickly navigate among files and folders, and provides access to files and folders.

Location Bar

Lets you locate files, folders, and URI sites.

Side Pane

Lets you navigate or display information about the selected file or folder. Use the drop-down list to customize what is shown in the pane. The list includes ways to view information about files, perform actions on files, add emblems to files, view a history of recently visited sites, and display your files in the tree system.

View Pane

Displays folders and files. Use the options on the View menu to increase or decrease the size of content in the view pane and to display items as a list or as icons.

Status Bar

Displays the number of items in a folder and gives the available free space. When a file is selected, the status bar displays the filename and size.

Archiving Folders

If you have files you have not used recently but want to keep on your computer, you can compress the files into a tape archive (TAR) format.

In the Nautilus view pane, right-click the folder you want to archive and select Compress.

Accept the default archive filename or provide a new name.

Select a file extension from the drop-down list. Use tar.gz for the most common archive form.

Specify a location for the archive file, then click Create.

To extract an archived file, right-click the file and select Extract Here.

Using Bookmarks

Use the Nautilus bookmarks feature to mark your favorite folders.

Open the folder you want to create a bookmark for.

Click Bookmarks+Add Bookmark. The bookmark is added to the list, with the folder name as the bookmark name.

To select an item from your bookmarks list, click Bookmarks, then click the desired bookmark in the list.

You can also organize your bookmarks list by clicking Bookmarks+Edit Bookmarks and making your selections in the dialog box.

To change the order of your bookmarks, click a bookmark shown in the Edit Bookmarks dialog and drag it to the desired location.

Browsing the Internet with Firefox

Firefox* is becoming the Web browser of choice. It has all the familiarity of other browsers, plus added features such as security and privacy tools.

To start Firefox, click Computer+Firefox Web Browser. When starting Firefox for the first time, you need to agree with its license agreement and click OK.

With features like tabbed browsing, pop-up window blocking, and download and image management, Firefox combines the latest Web technologies. Its easy access to different search engines helps you find the information you need. Enter a URL in the location bar to start browsing.

To open a new empty tab in Firefox, press Ctrl+T or the “+” button next to the last tab . Type a new URL to browse. To open a link in a new tab, click the link with your middle mouse button. Right-click a tab to access more tab options. You can create a new tab, reload one or all existing tabs, or close a single tab or all tabs. You can also change the sequence of the tabs by dragging and dropping them to a new position.

Finding Information on the Web

To start a search on the Web with the Google* engine, type your search keywords in the integrated search box Google search bar on the right of the location bar, then press Enter. The results are displayed in the active window or tab.

To use a different search engine, click the G icon in the search box to open a list of other search engines.

Click the desired engine, then press Enter to start the search.

You can also search the current Web page for keywords. To do so, press Ctrl+F to open the Find bar at the bottom of the window. Enter your search keyword there and use the buttons to the right of the box to search in different directions or to select all hits in the text.

Downloading Files with Firefox

If you download a file with Firefox, the Firefox download manager starts and saves this file to the folder configured in Firefox Preferences. By default, your desktop is the destination folder for downloaded files. Firefox shows your finished downloads in the Downloads window.

You can open the downloaded files directly from the Downloads window or from the destination folder. To clean up the history of downloaded files, click Clean Up.

Configuring Firefox Preferences

To adjust the default download folder or to activate or modify the pop-up blocking feature, click Edit+Preferences.

Here you can also configure many other settings such as appearance, language, privacy, and tab options. Click the icons and set the options on each page according to your preferences. Click Close to apply the changes.

E-Mailing and Calendaring

For reading and managing your mail and events, openSUSE offers you Evolution™, a groupware program that makes it easy to store, organize, and retrieve your personal information.

Evolution seamlessly combines e-mail, a calendar, an address book, and a task list in one easy-to-use application. With its extensive support for communications and data interchange standards, Evolution can work with existing corporate networks and applications, including Microsoft* Exchange.

To start Evolution, click Computer+More Applications+Office+Evolution Mail and Calendar.

The first time you start it, Evolution prompts you with a few questions as it sets up a mail account and helps you import mail from your old mail client. It shows you how many new messages you have and lists upcoming appointments and tasks, as well as the current weather and news from news feeds. The calendar, address book, and mail tools are available in the shortcut bar on the left.

Press Ctrl+N to open a new item for whatever part of Evolution you are working in. In mail, this creates a new message. If you are in the address book, Ctrl+N creates a new contact card, and in the calendar, it creates a new appointment.

For more information on using Evolution, click Help+Contents in any Evolution window.

Instant Messaging with Pidgin

Pidgin is a multiprotocol instant messaging (IM) client. It is compatible with AOL* Instant Messenger (AIM), Google Talk, GroupWise® Messenger, ICQ, IRC, MSN Messenger, Jabber/XMPP, Yahoo!*, and other networks.

With Pidgin, you can log in to multiple accounts on multiple IM networks simultaneously. Pidgin also supports many features of the various networks, such as file transfer, away messages, and typing notification.

To start Pidgin, click Computer+More Applications+Internet+Pidgin, or press Alt+F2 and enter pidgin.

To add an account to Pidgin, select Accounts+Manage Accounts from the Buddy List. Click Manage Accounts, select the protocol you want, and type your login information in the appropriate fields. Activate the account by checking the Save checkbox in the account list.

Add contacts by clicking Buddies+Add Buddy. An assistant appears to help with creation. However, you must be online and connected to the selected messaging service to add a contact to your list.

To start a chat, double-click the desired contact and type your message in the lower part of the chatting window. Press Enter to send the message. The upper part of the window displays the messages you have sent and received.

Starting OpenOffice.org

The OpenOffice.org office suite offers a complete set of office tools, including word processing, spreadsheet, presentation, vector drawing, and database components. Because OpenOffice.org is available for a number of operating systems, you can use the same data across multiple platforms.

To start OpenOffice.org, click Computer+OpenOffice.org Writer. To create a new document, click File+New, then choose the type of document you want to create. To open an existing document, click Open, then select the file you want from the file system.

Viewing PDF Files

Documents that need to be shared or printed across platforms are often distributed as PDF (Portable Document Format) files. PDF files can be created using the OpenOffice.org suite or other applications. The GNOME PDF viewer is called Evince. It can be used to view PDFs and many other document formats, like PostScript, DjVu, DVI, and multi-page TIFFs.

To start Evince, press Alt+F2 and enter evince or click Computer+More Applications+Office+Evince.

Click Computer+More Applications+Office+Evince or press Ctrl+F2 and enter evince.

To view a PDF file, click File+Open, locate the desired PDF file, then click Open.

Use the navigation icons at the top of the window to navigate through the document. If your PDF document provides bookmarks, you can access them in the left panel of the viewer.

Finding Files on Your Computer

To locate files on your computer, click Computer, enter your search terms in the Search field, then press Enter. The results are displayed in the Desktop Search dialog box.

You can use the results lists to open a file, forward it via e-mail, or display it in the file manager. Simply right-click an item in the results list and select the option you want. The options available for an item depend on the type of file it is. Clicking a file in the list displays a preview of the file and information such as the title, path, and date the file was last modified or accessed.

Use the Find In menu to limit your search to files in a specific location, such as your address book or Web pages, or to display only a specific type of file in your results list. The View menu lets you sort the items in your results list according to name, relevance, or the date the file was last modified.

You can also access Desktop Search by clicking Computer+More Applications+System+Search.

Creating a CD/DVD

If your system has a CD or DVD read/write drive, you can use the Nautilus file manager to burn CDs and DVDs.

Click Computer+More Applications+System+ CD/DVD Creator, or just insert a blank disk.

Copy the files you want to put on the CD or DVD into the Nautilus CD/DVD Creator window.

Click Write to Disk.

Modify the relevant information in the Write to Disk dialog box, or accept the default values, then click Write. The files are burned to the disk. This could take a few minutes, depending on the amount of data being burned and the speed of your burner.

You can also use Brasero or Banshee to burn audio and data CDs.

Managing Your Digital Image Collection

F-Spot is a management tool for your collection of digital images, tailored for the GNOME desktop. It allows you to assign different tags to your images in order to categorize them, and offers various image editing options. For example, you can remove red-eye, crop, and adjust brightness and colors. F-Spot supports all important image formats, including JPEG, PNG, TIFF, and several vendor specific RAW formats.

You can import photos from your hard drive, your digital camera, or your iPod. You can also use F-Spot to create photo CDs, generate a Website gallery, or export your photos to your Flickr, 23, Picasa Web, or SmugMug account.

To access F-Spot, click Computer+F-Spot Photo Browser. The first time you run F-Spot, you must define the location from where you want to import images into your collection. If you already have a collection of images stored on your hard drive, enter the path to the directory and (optionally) include subfolders. F-Spot imports these images into its database.

Thumbnails of your images are displayed in the right part of the window, and detailed information for a selected image is displayed in a sidebar to the left. By default, your photos are displayed in reverse-chronological order, so your newest photos are always at the top. You can sort your photos in chronological order or reverse-alphabetical order by clicking View+Reverse Order.

A menu bar at the top of the window allows you to access the main menus. A toolbar below offers several different functions depicted by a matching icon.

Managing Your Media

Use Banshee to import CDs, sync your media collection to a digital media player, play music directly from a digital media player, create playlists with songs or videos from your library, create audio and data CDs from subsets of your library, and subscribe to, download, and listen to your favorite podcasts. Banshee also has an Internet Radio plug-in that allows you to listen to audio streams.

To open Banshee, click Computer+Banshee Media Player.

When you start Banshee for the first time, you need to import your media to make them available in the library. To do so, select Media+Import Media from the menu. Choose an import source and click Import Media Source. After successfully importing your media, you can access them from your library.

To play a song or a movie, simply select it in the library and click the play button. You can also use the buttons in the upper left corner to pause a song or play the next or previous song. Use the loudspeaker button on the right to adjust the volume.

Banshee also has an integrated CD player. When you insert a music CD, your CD title appears in the left panel. Select the title and click the Play button to play your full CD.

To create audio and MP3 CDs, select the songs you want, then click the Edit+Write CD from the menu.

Configuring Your System with YaST

Use the YaST Control Center to change the installation and configuration of your whole system. root permission is required to open YaST.

To open YaST, click Computer+More Applications+System+YaST, then enter the root password. If you do not know the root password, ask your system administrator.

YaST contains various modules you can use to adjust your system settings. These modules are divided into the following categories:

Hardware

Contains modules for configuring hardware components such as your monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, and scanner.

Miscellaneous

The YaST Control Center has several modules that cannot easily be classified into the other module groups. The modules in this category can be used for things such as viewing log files and installing drivers from a vendor CD.

Network Devices

Contains modules for configuring network devices such as network cards, ISDN, DSL, or modem.

Network Services

Contains modules for network services and for configuring clients such as LDAP and NFS.

Novell AppArmor

Contains modules for configuring the Novell AppArmor™ access control system. This option is available only if the Novell AppArmor pattern is installed.

Security and Users

Contains modules for configuring security details such as firewall options, and for creating and managing users and groups.

Software

Contains modules for setting options for installation and updates, and for installing or removing software packages.

System

Contains modules for changing system settings such as the date, time, or language, and for performing tasks like backing up or restoring files.

Virtualization

Contains modules for installing tools needed for creating, running and managing virtual machines.

Managing Printers

Printers can be connected to your system either locally or over a network. To use a local printer, make sure that it is connected to your machine. Shut down the system before connecting a non-USB printer to your system.

You can configure printers with YaST. Start YaST, then click Hardware+Printer to open the main printer configuration window. Depending on the network environment or your local printer model, YaST might be able to configure the printer automatically. If autodetection fails, click Add in the Printer Configuration dialog box to start manual configuration. Follow the instructions in the YaST online help. If you are not sure which option to choose and which information to enter, ask your system administrator.

After configuring a printing device correctly, you can address it from any application.

If you have active printing jobs, a printer icon is shown in your tray. Click on the icon to open a dialog which lets you manage your print jobs.

Logging Out

When you are finished using the computer, you can log out and leave the system running, or restart or shut down the computer.

Logging Out or Switching Users

Click Computer+Logout, then select one of the following options:

Log out

Logs you out of the current session and returns you to the login screen.

Switch User

Suspends your session, allowing another user to log in and use the computer.

Restarting or Shutting Down the Computer

Click Computer+Shutdown, then select one of the following options:

Shutdown

Logs you out of the current session, then turns off the computer.

Restart

Logs you out of the current session, then restarts the computer.

Suspend

Puts your computer in a temporary state that conserves power. The state of your session is preserved, however, including all applications you have running and all documents you have open.

Hibernate

Suspends your session, using no power until the computer is restarted. The state of your session is preserved, however, including all applications you have running and all documents you have open.

For More Information

This guide gave you a short introduction to the GNOME desktop and some key applications running on it.

Find the other manuals available for openSUSE at http://www.novell.com/documentation/opensuse112 or in your installed system under /usr/share/doc/manual.

To learn more about GNOME and GNOME applications, refer to http://www.gnome.org/.

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G.  Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license notice.

H.  Include an unaltered copy of this License.

I.  Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.

J.  Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the “History” section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.

K.  For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.

L.  Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

M.  Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.

N.  Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

O.  Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements”.

COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:

   Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
   only as published by the Free Software Foundation;
   with the Invariant Section being this copyright notice and license.
   A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU
   Free Documentation License”.

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the “with...Texts.” line with this:

   with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
   Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.